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【值学习】添加值学习的内容，包括基本数据类型、基本值等内容

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【md语法优化】优化了variable.md中的一些语法问题，如删除行尾:等
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邵静 2024-05-15 22:53:00 +08:00
parent b2ba7d2a4f
commit e7eb47b255
6 changed files with 220 additions and 2 deletions
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2
README.md
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@ -2,4 +2,6 @@
## [Hello World](./hello/hello.md)
## [值](./value/value.md)
## [变量](./variable/variable.md)

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value/build.zig Normal file
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const std = @import("std");
pub fn build(b: *std.Build) void {
const target = b.standardTargetOptions(.{});
const optimize = b.standardOptimizeOption(.{});
const exe = b.addExecutable(.{
.name = "value",
.root_source_file = b.path("src/main.zig"),
.target = target,
.optimize = optimize,
});
b.installArtifact(exe);
const run_cmd = b.addRunArtifact(exe);
run_cmd.step.dependOn(b.getInstallStep());
if (b.args) |args| {
run_cmd.addArgs(args);
}
const run_step = b.step("run", "Run the app");
run_step.dependOn(&run_cmd.step);
const exe_unit_tests = b.addTest(.{
.root_source_file = b.path("src/main.zig"),
.target = target,
.optimize = optimize,
});
const run_exe_unit_tests = b.addRunArtifact(exe_unit_tests);
const test_step = b.step("test", "Run unit tests");
test_step.dependOn(&run_exe_unit_tests.step);
}

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value/build.zig.zon Normal file
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.{
.name = "value",
// This is a [Semantic Version](https://semver.org/).
// In a future version of Zig it will be used for package deduplication.
.version = "0.0.0",
// This field is optional.
// This is currently advisory only; Zig does not yet do anything
// with this value.
//.minimum_zig_version = "0.11.0",
// This field is optional.
// Each dependency must either provide a `url` and `hash`, or a `path`.
// `zig build --fetch` can be used to fetch all dependencies of a package, recursively.
// Once all dependencies are fetched, `zig build` no longer requires
// internet connectivity.
.dependencies = .{
// See `zig fetch --save <url>` for a command-line interface for adding dependencies.
//.example = .{
// // When updating this field to a new URL, be sure to delete the corresponding
// // `hash`, otherwise you are communicating that you expect to find the old hash at
// // the new URL.
// .url = "https://example.com/foo.tar.gz",
//
// // This is computed from the file contents of the directory of files that is
// // obtained after fetching `url` and applying the inclusion rules given by
// // `paths`.
// //
// // This field is the source of truth; packages do not come from a `url`; they
// // come from a `hash`. `url` is just one of many possible mirrors for how to
// // obtain a package matching this `hash`.
// //
// // Uses the [multihash](https://multiformats.io/multihash/) format.
// .hash = "...",
//
// // When this is provided, the package is found in a directory relative to the
// // build root. In this case the package's hash is irrelevant and therefore not
// // computed. This field and `url` are mutually exclusive.
// .path = "foo",
// // When this is set to `true`, a package is declared to be lazily
// // fetched. This makes the dependency only get fetched if it is
// // actually used.
// .lazy = false,
//},
},
// Specifies the set of files and directories that are included in this package.
// Only files and directories listed here are included in the `hash` that
// is computed for this package.
// Paths are relative to the build root. Use the empty string (`""`) to refer to
// the build root itself.
// A directory listed here means that all files within, recursively, are included.
.paths = .{
// This makes *all* files, recursively, included in this package. It is generally
// better to explicitly list the files and directories instead, to insure that
// fetching from tarballs, file system paths, and version control all result
// in the same contents hash.
"",
// For example...
//"build.zig",
//"build.zig.zon",
//"src",
//"LICENSE",
//"README.md",
},
}

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value/src/main.zig Normal file
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// 顶级声明不受顺序影响
const std = @import("std");
const os = std.os;
const assert = std.debug.assert;
const log = std.log;
/// ## 测试int类型
/// ## 作者
/// - 邵静
fn test_integer_variables() void {
const one_plus_one: i32 = 1 + 1;
log.info("1 + 1 = {}\n", .{one_plus_one});
assert(one_plus_one == 2);
}
/// ## 测试float类型
/// ## 作者
/// - 邵静
fn test_float_variables() void {
const seven_div_three: f32 = 7.0 / 3.0;
log.info("7.0 / 3.0 = {}\n", .{seven_div_three});
}
/// ## 测试bool类型
/// ## 作者
/// - 邵静
fn test_bool_variables() void {
log.info("{}\n{}\n{}", .{ true and false, true or false, !true });
}
/// ## 测试optional类型
/// ## 作者
/// - 邵静
fn test_optional_variables() void {
var optional_value: ?[]const u8 = null;
assert(optional_value == null);
log.info("optional test one\ntype: {}\nvalue: {?s}\n", .{ @TypeOf(optional_value), optional_value });
optional_value = "hello";
assert(optional_value != null);
log.info("optional test two\ntype: {}\nvalue: {?s}\n", .{ @TypeOf(optional_value), optional_value });
}
test "integer variables" {
test_integer_variables();
}
test "float variables" {
test_float_variables();
}
test "bool variables" {
test_bool_variables();
}
test "optional variables" {
test_optional_variables();
}
pub fn main() void {
test_integer_variables();
test_float_variables();
test_bool_variables();
test_optional_variables();
}

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value/value.md Normal file
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# 值
## 基本数据类型
| 类型 | C 语言等效类型 | 描述 |
| -------------- | ------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| i8 | int8_t | 有符号的 8 位整数 |
| u8 | uint8_t | 无符号的 8 位整数 |
| i16 | int16_t | 有符号的 16 位整数 |
| u16 | uint16_t | 无符号的 16 位整数 |
| i32 | int32_t | 有符号的 32 位整数 |
| u32 | uint32_t | 无符号的 32 位整数 |
| i64 | int64_t | 有符号的 64 位整数 |
| u64 | uint64_t | 无符号的 64 位整数 |
| i128 | \_\_int128 | 有符号的 128 位整数 |
| u128 | unsigned \_\_int128 | 无符号的 128 位整数 |
| isize | intptr_t | 有符号指针大小的整数 |
| usize | uintptr_t, size_t | 无符号指针大小的整数 详见[#5185](https://github.com/ziglang/zig/issues/5185) |
| c_char | char | 为了与 C 语言 ABI 兼容 |
| c_short | short | 为了与 C 语言 ABI 兼容 |
| c_ushort | unsigned short | 为了与 C 语言 ABI 兼容 |
| c_int | int | 为了与 C 语言 ABI 兼容 |
| c_uint | unsigned int | 为了与 C 语言 ABI 兼容 |
| c_long | long | 为了与 C 语言 ABI 兼容 |
| c_ulong | unsigned long | 为了与 C 语言 ABI 兼容 |
| c_longlong | long long | 为了与 C 语言 ABI 兼容 |
| c_ulonglong | unsigned long long | 为了与 C 语言 ABI 兼容 |
| c_longdouble | long double | 为了与 C 语言 ABI 兼容 |
| f16 | \_Float16 | 16 位浮点数（10 位尾数）IEEE-754-2008 binary16 |
| f32 | float | 32 位浮点数（23 位尾数）IEEE-754-2008 binary32 |
| f64 | double | 64 位浮点数（52 位尾数）IEEE-754-2008 binary64 |
| f80 | double | 80 位浮点数（64 位尾数）IEEE-754-2008 80 位扩展精度 |
| f128 | \_Float128 | 128 位浮点数（112 位尾数）IEEE-754-2008 binary128 |
| bool | bool | 布尔值：真或假 |
| anyopaque | void | 用于类型擦除指针 |
| void | (none) | 始终为 void{}的值 |
| noreturn | (none) | the type of ,,,, and `break` `continue` `return` `unreachable` `while (true)` {} |
| type | (none) | 类型的类型 |
| anyerror | (none) | 错误代码 |
| comptime_int | (none) | 仅限于已知编译时的值。整数字面量的类型。 |
| comptime_float | (none) | 仅限于已知编译时的值。浮点字面量的类型。 |
除了上述的整数类型之外，任意位宽的整数可以通过使用标识符`i`或者`u`后跟数字来引用。例如，标识符 i7 表示有符号的 7 位整数。整数类型的最大允许位宽是 65535。
## 基本值
通常用于表示简单的数据或特殊的状态。这些基本值在编程中被广泛使用，通常用于控制逻辑、初始化变量或表示特殊的状态。下面是几种常见的基本值及其描述
| 名称 | 描述 |
| ----------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| `true` 和 `false` | `bool` 值用于表示逻辑真和逻辑假。 |
| `null` | 用于 [`Optioanl`](./optional.md)类型，表示该值为空。 |
| `undefined` | 用于表示值未指定或未定义的状态，常用于初始化变量或表示缺少返回值。 |

4
variable/variable.md
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var variable_name: variable_type = initial_value;
```
例如，声明一个名为`hello`的变量，类型为`[]const u8`，初始值为`""`：
例如，声明一个名为`hello`的变量，类型为`[]const u8`，初始值为`""`
```zig
var hello: []const u8 = "";
@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ std.log.info("{s}\n", .{hello});
const variable_name: variable_type = initial_value;
```
例如，声明一个名为`hello`的常量，类型为`[]const u8`，初始值为`""`：
例如，声明一个名为`hello`的常量，类型为`[]const u8`，初始值为`""`
```zig
const hello: []const u8 = "Hello, World!";