【添加md文件】添加了README.md、hello.md、variable.md

【变量学习】添加了变量的学习代码及md说明文件

README.md

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+# zig 学习指南
+
+## [Hello World](./hello/hello.md)
+
+## [变量](./variable/variable.md)

hello/hello.md

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+# Hello
+

variable/build.zig

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+const std = @import("std");
+
+pub fn build(b: *std.Build) void {
+    // 标准构建目标
+    const target = b.standardTargetOptions(.{});
+    // 标准构建模式
+    const optimize = b.standardOptimizeOption(.{});
+    // ---------------------------unit test---------------------------------
+    // 单元测试步骤构建
+    // 添加测试目标
+    const test_exe = b.addTest(.{
+        .root_source_file = .{ .path = "src/main.zig" },
+        .target = target,
+        .optimize = optimize,
+    });
+    // 执行单元测试
+    const run_exe_unit_tests = b.addRunArtifact(test_exe);
+    // 构建一个 step，用于执行测试
+    const test_step = b.step("test", "运行单元测试");
+    // 测试 step 依赖上方构建的run_exe_unit_tests
+    test_step.dependOn(&run_exe_unit_tests.step);
+
+    // -----------------------------run--------------------------------------
+    // 添加一个运行目标
+    const run = b.addExecutable(.{
+        .name = "zig-test",
+        .root_source_file = .{ .path = "src/main.zig" },
+        .target = target,
+        .optimize = optimize,
+    });
+    // 执行测试
+    const run_exe = b.addRunArtifact(run);
+    // 构建一个 step，用于执行程序
+    const run_step = b.step("run", "运行程序");
+    run_step.dependOn(&run_exe.step);
+}

variable/build.zig.zon

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+.{
+    .name = "variable",
+    // This is a [Semantic Version](https://semver.org/).
+    // In a future version of Zig it will be used for package deduplication.
+    .version = "0.0.0",
+
+    // This field is optional.
+    // This is currently advisory only; Zig does not yet do anything
+    // with this value.
+    //.minimum_zig_version = "0.11.0",
+
+    // This field is optional.
+    // Each dependency must either provide a `url` and `hash`, or a `path`.
+    // `zig build --fetch` can be used to fetch all dependencies of a package, recursively.
+    // Once all dependencies are fetched, `zig build` no longer requires
+    // internet connectivity.
+    .dependencies = .{
+        // See `zig fetch --save <url>` for a command-line interface for adding dependencies.
+        //.example = .{
+        //    // When updating this field to a new URL, be sure to delete the corresponding
+        //    // `hash`, otherwise you are communicating that you expect to find the old hash at
+        //    // the new URL.
+        //    .url = "https://example.com/foo.tar.gz",
+        //
+        //    // This is computed from the file contents of the directory of files that is
+        //    // obtained after fetching `url` and applying the inclusion rules given by
+        //    // `paths`.
+        //    //
+        //    // This field is the source of truth; packages do not come from a `url`; they
+        //    // come from a `hash`. `url` is just one of many possible mirrors for how to
+        //    // obtain a package matching this `hash`.
+        //    //
+        //    // Uses the [multihash](https://multiformats.io/multihash/) format.
+        //    .hash = "...",
+        //
+        //    // When this is provided, the package is found in a directory relative to the
+        //    // build root. In this case the package's hash is irrelevant and therefore not
+        //    // computed. This field and `url` are mutually exclusive.
+        //    .path = "foo",
+
+        //    // When this is set to `true`, a package is declared to be lazily
+        //    // fetched. This makes the dependency only get fetched if it is
+        //    // actually used.
+        //    .lazy = false,
+        //},
+    },
+
+    // Specifies the set of files and directories that are included in this package.
+    // Only files and directories listed here are included in the `hash` that
+    // is computed for this package.
+    // Paths are relative to the build root. Use the empty string (`""`) to refer to
+    // the build root itself.
+    // A directory listed here means that all files within, recursively, are included.
+    .paths = .{
+        // This makes *all* files, recursively, included in this package. It is generally
+        // better to explicitly list the files and directories instead, to insure that
+        // fetching from tarballs, file system paths, and version control all result
+        // in the same contents hash.
+        "",
+        // For example...
+        //"build.zig",
+        //"build.zig.zon",
+        //"src",
+        //"LICENSE",
+        //"README.md",
+    },
+}

variable/src/main.zig

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+const std = @import("std");
+
+/// ## 变量声明
+/// ## 作者
+/// - 邵静
+pub fn declare_variable() void {
+    var hello: []const u8 = "";
+    hello = "Hello, World!";
+    std.log.info("{s}\n", .{hello});
+}
+
+/// ## 常量声明
+/// ## 作者
+/// - 邵静
+pub fn declare_const_variable() void {
+    const hello: []const u8 = "Hello, World!";
+    std.log.info("{s}\n", .{hello});
+}
+
+/// ## 非符合命名规范的变量声明
+/// ## 作者
+/// - 邵静
+pub fn declare_non_compliant_naming() void {
+    const @"test non compliant naming" = "Test non compliant naming of variable";
+    std.log.info("{s}\n", .{@"test non compliant naming"});
+}
+
+test "declare variable" {
+    declare_variable();
+}
+
+test "declare const variable" {
+    declare_const_variable();
+}
+
+test "declare non compliant naming" {
+    declare_non_compliant_naming();
+}
+
+pub fn main() !void {
+    declare_variable();
+    declare_const_variable();
+    declare_non_compliant_naming();
+}

variable/variable.md

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+# 变量
+
+## 变量声明
+
+变量声明是声明变量并为其赋值的过程。在zig语言中，变量声明使用关键字`var`，后跟变量名, 变量类型和初始值。
+
+```zig
+var variable_name: variable_type = initial_value;
+```
+
+例如，声明一个名为`hello`的变量，类型为`[]const u8`，初始值为`""`：
+
+```zig
+var hello: []const u8 = "";
+hello = "Hello, World!";
+
+// 输出
+std.log.info("{s}\n", .{hello});
+```
+
+可以看到，我们先是声明了一个`name`，初始值为`""`，然后将`hello`赋值为`"Hello, World!"`，最后再输出hello, 那是因为zig编译器推荐使用常量。
+
+## 常量声明
+
+常量声明是声明一个不可变的变量，并为其赋值的过程。在zig语言中，常量声明使用关键字`const`，后跟变量名, 变量类型和初始值。
+
+```zig
+const variable_name: variable_type = initial_value;
+```
+
+例如，声明一个名为`hello`的常量，类型为`[]const u8`，初始值为`""`：
+
+```zig
+const hello: []const u8 = "Hello, World!";
+
+// 输出
+std.log.info("{s}\n", .{hello});
+```
+
+## 变量命名
+
+zig语言中，变量命名与其它的常见语言类似，必须以字母或下划线开头，后面可以跟任意数量的字母、数字或下划线，且不能与关键字重叠。与其它常见语言不同的是zig允许使用不符合规定的名称，但是必须用`@""`语法。
+
+```zig
+const @"test non compliant naming" = "Test non compliant naming of variable";
+std.log.info("{s}\n", .{@"test non compliant naming"});
+```